Author: Eiko

Tags: p-adic, differential equations

Time: 2024-11-21 23:53:03 - 2024-11-22 17:29:10 (UTC)

given some DE \(Df=0\), have a \(k\) vector space of solutions \(s_1,\ldots,s_n\), where

\(n_i = \mathrm{ord}(s_i) > \mathrm{ord}(s_{i-1}) = n_{i-1}\)

\(M_{ij} = (D^{n_i} s_j)(0)\) is upper triangular, we want it be matrix with values in \(K[[t]]\),

by construction, \(\det M\) is a unit in \(K[[t]]\)

we can get a DE of order \(n_n+1\) annihilating \(s_1,\ldots,s_n\), and its leading term is invertible in \(K[[t]]\)

Consider \(D^{n_i}\)

Let’s think of flat connections \(D v = \Lambda v\), \(\Lambda_0 = 1\) \(\Lambda_1 = \Lambda\) \(\Lambda_{n+1} = D\Lambda_n + \Lambda_n \Lambda\)

we have \(D^n v = \Lambda_n v\), we obtain a \(K(t)\)-linear relation between \(n+1\) vectors \(v, Dv, \ldots, D^{n}v\) , and we can extract the first row

\[ D^i v_1 = \sum_j (\Lambda_i)_{1j} v_j \]

we construct an \((n+1)\times n\) matrix \(M = (\Lambda_i)_{1j}\) by noting that \(v_1 \wedge Dv_1 \wedge \ldots \wedge D^{n}v_1=0\), which expands to

Nice

\(S=\{m_0,\dots,m_n\}\) is nice if the matrices \(M_i\) obtained from it, satisfy \[v_t(\det(M_n)) \le v_t(\det(M_i)).\]

If \(S_0=\{0,1,\dots,n\}\) is not nice, then there is some \(i\) such that \(N = v_t(\det(M_n)) > v_t(\det(M_i))\).

Consider \(S_1=\{0,1,\dots,i-1, i+1,\dots,n,n+1\}\), then

\[ M_n(S_1) = M_i(S_0) \]

\[ \det(M_n(S_1)) = \det(M_i(S_0)) \le N-1 = v_t(\det(M_n(S_0))) - 1 \]

so this inductive process stops in \(N\) steps, we should be able to arrive at a nice \(S'\) with \(\max S' \le n + N\).

P-adic Niceness

Two strategies

  • Inductive arguments, by relaxing degrees and make \(S\) larger we might be able to satisfy \(p\)-adic niceness

  • If there exists a subconnection W (i.e. a proper sub-bundle with connection) inside V such that v was a section of W, then det(Mi)=0 for all choices of S,i.

\(\left(\frac{d}{dt}\right)^k v \in W\) for all k.

Assume v generates V (i.e. there doesn’t exist a subconnection W with this property).

Flat connection on a scheme over Zp.

Could be subconnections on the special fibre which don’t come from subconnections on the generic fibre.

\(val_p (det(Mn)) >val_p (det(Mi))\) for some i<n